Setara bibi under the lamp post - Literature - observerbd.com : The glittering city aroundLife is rich with red, blue light of neonWide sky over the headPieces of moonlight, scatteredAnd in that splashed pieces of meteorThose are taken by the scientists of NASASo height the civilization reachesThis city is the flow of happiness nowSome men like us pass the wayWith frustration
Kabul1 has a castle
celebrated for its strength, accessible only by one road. In it there are
Musulmans, and it has a town, in which are infidels from Hind.
— Istahkri2,
921 AD
[The history of Afghanistan3
is a long tale. It is very hard to discuss it in such a brief chapter. As the
history of Indian Muslims is highly correlated to that of Afghanistan so it is
relevant at least to mention some important features of the history of
Afghanistan.]
In 642 AD, during the period of second
caliphate of Rashidun4, the first invasion was directed to
Afghanistan. This was not a conquest but merely an expedition. In 645 another expedition was sent to Kabul
and it was invaded by the Arabs. But after two years Kabul revolted and the
Muslims army was routed. The actual
conquest of Muslims to the east was Makran then in Baluchistan in 680 AD.
Sind now in Pakistan came under Muslim control in 712 AD under Muhammad
bin Kasim5.
Actual conquest of Muslims in
Afghanistan came under Saffarid Dynasty6 (a
Muslim Persianate dynasty from Sistan) in 870 AD under the leadership of Yaqub
ebn Leys as-Saffar7 (“the coppersmith”) against Kabul
Shahi8. This Dynasty
was overrun after a short while by Samanid Dynasty9 from
913AD to 922 AD. Then it lasted till 1002 since they were conquered by Ghaznavid
Emperor10 Mahmud ibn Sebuktigin11. That was the time when conversion in Islam
was happened widely and most part of the region came under the religion of
Islam.
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